The Waqf Amendment Bill 2025 has sparked significant debate across India, with both supporters and critics voicing strong opinions on its provisions. The bill, which aims to reform the management of waqf properties, has been hailed by some as a step toward modernization and transparency, while others fear it could undermine minority rights.
Waqf Amendment Bill refers to a religious endowment in Islamic law, wherein property is donated for charitable or religious purposes. These properties, which include mosques, graveyards, educational institutions, and hospitals, are managed by waqf boards established under the Waqf Act of 1995. The new amendments seek to address alleged mismanagement and enhance oversight, but they have also raised concerns about government interference in religious affairs.
1. Inclusion of Non-Muslim Members in Waqf Boards
One of the most controversial changes is the proposal to allow non-Muslim members to serve on state waqf boards and the Central Waqf Council. The government argues this move will improve transparency and governance, while opponents claim it dilutes the community’s autonomy over religious endowments.
2. Government Authority Over Disputed Waqf Properties
The bill grants the government increased authority to determine the ownership of disputed waqf properties. This provision is intended to prevent fraudulent claims and improve documentation. However, critics fear it could lead to the unjust takeover of waqf properties that lack formal records but have been used as religious sites for generations.
3. Elimination of ‘Waqf by User’ Concept
Under the current system, land used continuously for religious purposes can be declared waqf. The new bill removes this provision, stating that only officially registered properties will be recognized. While this aims to prevent unauthorized land claims, it also raises concerns about the future of historically significant religious sites without proper documentation.
4. New Eligibility Criteria for Donors
The amendment requires that individuals donating land for waqf must have been practicing Muslims for at least five years. Additionally, the bill introduces measures to protect women’s inheritance rights, ensuring they are not deprived of property through waqf dedications.
The Waqf Amendment Bill 2025 has triggered strong reactions from various groups:
Government’s Justification: The ruling party insists that the amendments promote good governance and transparency while ensuring that waqf properties are used for their intended purposes.
Criticism from Muslim Organizations:
Many Muslim leaders and scholars argue that the bill undermines the autonomy of waqf institutions and infringes on religious rights. Prominent organizations like Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind have vowed to challenge the bill in court and stage protests if it becomes law.
Political Opposition:
Several opposition parties, including the Congress, have raised concerns that the bill is an attempt to dilute minority rights and centralize control over Muslim endowments.
As of April 2025, the bill has been passed in the Lok Sabha and awaits approval in the Rajya Sabha. If enacted, the changes could reshape the governance of waqf properties across India. While supporters believe it will bring much-needed reforms, opponents worry it sets a precedent for increased government intervention in religious affairs.
The fate of the Waqf Amendment Bill 2025 will likely be decided in the coming months, with potential legal challenges and public protests shaping its final outcome. Whether it strengthens waqf management or erodes minority autonomy remains a matter of intense national debate.
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